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 IO: libero arbitrio, coscienza, conoscenza, volontà, pensiero, autocontrollo, razionalità, coraggio, serenità, speranza, intelligenza, rappresentazione, immaginazione, saggezza, humor, comprensione critica, ricordare, soluzione di problemi, obiettivi, agenda ME: corpo, inconscio, bisogni, paure, motivazioni, automatismi, emozioni, esperienze, manie, abitudini, odio, disprezzo, repulsione, gabbie mentali, percezioni, irrazionalità, piacere, dolore, empatia, malattie, disturbi mentali, memoria |
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.jpg) | Karl Marx (wikipedia) | 1818-1993 |
 | Marx in 1882 | |
 | Marx and wife in 1866 | |
| Miscellaneous info | Born in Trier in 1818 from a wealty middle class family; lived in Cologne, Paris, Brussels and London; father converted from Judaism to Lutheranism | |
| Religion = "the opiate of the people" | ||
| Capitalism = "dicatorship of bourgeoisie" | ||
| Dictatorship of proletariat | ||
| Transition to socialism and communism | ||
| Variants of Marxism | Leninism, Stalinism, Trotskyism, Maois | |
| Dialectical Materialism | ||
| Historical materialism | ||
| Primacy of matter over idea | ||
| Class conflict | ||
| Aphorism on changing the world | philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point however is to change it | |
| metaphysics = ideology | ||
| The Trinity Formula | capitalism is expressed as land-ground rent, labor-wages, capital-interest/profits. | |
| False consciousness | ||
| On religion | Whereas his Gymnasium senior thesis argued that religion had as its primary social aim the promotion of solidarity, here Marx sees the social function of religion in terms of highlighting/preserving political and economic status quo and inequality. | |
| Ideology | By "ideology", Marx and Engels meant ideas that reflect the interests of a particular class at a particular time in history, but which contemporaries see as universal and eternal. | |
| Theory of human nature | For both Marx and Hegel, self-development begins with an experience of internal alienation stemming from this recognition, followed by a realisation that the actual self, as a subjective agent, renders its potential counterpart an object to be apprehended. | |
| The problem of alienation | ||
| Commodity fetishism | Marx described this loss as commodity fetishism, in which the things that people produce, commodities, appear to have a life and movement of their own to which humans and their behavior merely adapt. | |
| Thinkers who influenced Marx | Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Henri de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, Ludwig Feuerbach, Friedrich Engels. | |
| Who was Marx | Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement. He published various books during his lifetime, with the most notable being The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Capital (1867–1894); some of his works were co-written with his friend and fellow German revolutionary socialist, Friedrich Engels. |
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