Karl Marx (study notes)

	Karl Marx (wikipedia)	1818-1993
	Marx in 1882
	Marx and wife in 1866
	Miscellaneous info	Born in Trier in 1818 from a wealty middle class family; lived in Cologne, Paris, Brussels and London; father converted from Judaism to Lutheranism
	Religion = "the opiate of the people"
	Capitalism = "dicatorship of bourgeoisie"
	Dictatorship of proletariat
	Transition to socialism and communism
	Variants of Marxism	Leninism, Stalinism, Trotskyism, Maois
	Dialectical Materialism
	Historical materialism
	Primacy of matter over idea
	Class conflict
	Aphorism on changing the world	philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point however is to change it
	Metaphysics = ideology
	The Trinity Formula	capitalism is expressed as land-ground rent, labor-wages, capital-interest/profits.
	False consciousness
	On religion	Whereas his Gymnasium senior thesis argued that religion had as its primary social aim the promotion of solidarity, here Marx sees the social function of religion in terms of highlighting/preserving political and economic status quo and inequality.
	Ideology	By "ideology", Marx and Engels meant ideas that reflect the interests of a particular class at a particular time in history, but which contemporaries see as universal and eternal.
	Theory of human nature	For both Marx and Hegel, self-development begins with an experience of internal alienation stemming from this recognition, followed by a realisation that the actual self, as a subjective agent, renders its potential counterpart an object to be apprehended.
	The problem of alienation
	Commodity fetishism	Marx described this loss as commodity fetishism, in which the things that people produce, commodities, appear to have a life and movement of their own to which humans and their behavior merely adapt.
	Thinkers who influenced Marx	Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Henri de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, Ludwig Feuerbach, Friedrich Engels.
	Who was Marx	Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement. He published various books during his lifetime, with the most notable being The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Capital (1867–1894); some of his works were co-written with his friend and fellow German revolutionary socialist, Friedrich Engels.

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Karl Marx (study notes)